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Toyota Engines Gasoline engines - the data Gasoline engines - the pictures Diesel engines Racing engines Engine codes explained Fuel Consumption (BSFC) Models vs engines What engines are worth modifying? A short guide. Sources for used Japanese engines and other parts Muffler test results (8/95) Turbochargers and superchargers Toyota turbochargers Toyota superchargers Boost control and wastegates Upgrades Toyota Fuel Injection Introduction to Toyota fuel injection systems Toyota EFI for 3T-GTEU (other analog EFI systems similar) ECU connector pinouts Trouble codes for Toyota EFI Trouble codes for Toyota TCCS 5M-GE Engine Diagnostic Codes Modifications Fuel injectors Air flow meters Throttle bodies Oxygen sensors fuel pumps Turbochargers Welcome to STK Turbo! With just a few clicks you can … get expert advice on turbochargers, save money on turbochargers – and more. STK Turbocharger Technology is one of the most established independent turbocharger specialists in the world. We offer a variety of services within the Automotive/Aftermarket, Marine and Offshore, Power Generation, Rail Traction and Automotive Industries. We sell World wide (one day delivery) new turbochargers, exchange turbochargers and we will maintain them for you. Wherever you are located in the world, STK Turbocharger Technology can supply you with specialist engineers or parts that you need to complete your project. Our constantly expanding network of representing agencies and strategic alliances worldwide ensures a rapid, quality response, regardless of your location. STK is offering special discount rates for repairing turbochargers, supplying exchange turbochargers or complete units built to customer specifications in some cases. STK delivers set ups as well as machines for turbocharger repair companies worldwide and provides lectures and training courses. STK does not only deliver turbochargers. We offer an extensive performance package tailored to your needs. As our customer you can expect more than just innovative and high quality products. That is why our performance package includes support in finding the right turbocharger as well as troubleshooting problem solutions all around the turbocharger. We are continuously improving our customer service in order to satisfy the customer’s needs quickly and comprehensively. You can therefore rely on a strong, worldwide marketing and service network, which offers far more than just turbocharger know how. We are solving thousands of problems for our customers every year. We achieve this through our continuous investment in our customer support system and high quality technical repair services Exchange Turbocharger by STK Turbo Technik We deliver exchange turbochargers for cars, trucks, motorcycles and boats, for all types & models. Next day delivery in Europe. Maybe you have asked yourself already: What are exchange turbochargers? They are replacement parts which have gone through a major overhaul and have to meet strict criteria. In compliance with all of the manufacturer's specifications, high standards during the manufacturing process insure top quality of the high-speed turnaround balance. STK will guaranty you that. Other repair shops are increasingly returning to us for our know-how. Why all the effort? In the end you want to acquire a reliable product and we want to make sure that another satisfied customer will recommend us. STK provides the Trade and Industry as well as the end user with exchange turbochargers. Do you still have questions? Please take a look at our catalogue or contact us Car & Truck Auto Parts This is a list of some of the Used, Rebuilt and New auto parts you can order from Action Auto Wreckers On-Line Auto Parts Store, Secure Ordering, World-Wide Shipping, 30 Day Money Back Guarantee, All Credit Cards Welcome. Engine-Transmission Parts Electrical Parts Used Engines Rebuilt Engines Transmissions Cylinder heads Auto Distributors Exhaust Manifolds Carburetor Repair Harmonic Balancers Turbo Chargers Flywheels Standard Shift Toyota & Nissan Timing Covers Smog Pump Kits Diesel Vacuum Pumps New speedometer cables New transmission kick down cables Superchargers Electric Rear Sliding Windows Radios AUTO COMPUTERS Trunk Pull Down Suspension Air Suspension Door Parts Body Parts Door Handles Door Lock Actuators Mirrors Door Window Regulators New Parts Catalog Body Fillers Running Boards Mag Wheels Spoilers Are your headlights stained or yellow Air Bags Gas tanks Tools Truck Accesories Tools Revolutionary Gas Generator Auto Glass Repair Metal Polish Truck Accessories Recapped Truck Tires Car & Truck Rear Ends Pick Up Beds Misc Special New Arrivals For Parts Repairable Cars Extended Warranty Program Harley Davidson Motorcycle Parts Manuals Turbochargersparts.comis the largest repairer of automotive, industrial and marine engine turbochargers in New Zealand, with facilities in Auckland and Nelson. Turbochargersparts.comspecialises in the service and repair of all turbochargers including: ABB - Brown Boveri; ALCO; BorgWarner; Garrett AiResearch; IHI; Holset; Hitachi; KBB; KKK; MAN; MTU; Mitsubishi; Napier; Niigata; Rotomaster; Schwitzer; Toyota. Check out our turbochargers automobile FAQ For further informormation use our contact form or Email: service@Turbochargersparts.com What is a turbocharger? First developed in 1924, the turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases to power a turbine, which drives a compressor, and pushes more air into the engine. This allows the engine to produce more power without any increase in size. Turbochargers have provided such significant improvements in engine efficiency that they are now fitted to almost all new diesel engines. How does it work? Operation of Basic Turbocharger A turbocharger is an exhaust-driven turbine which drives a centrifugal compressor wheel. The compressor is usually located between the air cleaner and the engine intake manifold, while the turbine is located between the exhaust manifold and the muffler. The prime job of the turbocharger is, by compressing the air, to force more air into the engine cylinders. This allows the engine to efficiently burn more fuel, thereby producing more horsepower. Basic Parts of Turbocharger All of the engine exhaust gases pass through the turbine housing. The expansion of these gases, acting on the turbine wheel, causes it to turn. After passing through the turbine, the exhaust gases are routed to the atmosphere. In many cases, the turbine muffles the exhaust sound, so no muffler is needed. The turbine also functions as a spark arrester. For example, it is recognised by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as providing a spark arrester function adequate for forestry operations. The compressor is directly connected to the turbine by a shaft. The only power loss from the turbine to the compressor is the slight friction of the journal bearings. Air Intake Comparison Air is drawn in through a filtered air intake system, compressed by the wheel, and discharged into the engine intake manifold. The extra air provided by the turbocharger allows more fuel to be burned, which increases horsepower output. Lack of air is one factor limiting the engine horsepower of naturally-aspirated engines. As engine speed increases, the length of time the intake valves are open decreases, giving the air less time to fill the cylinders. On an engine running at 2500 rpm, the intake valves are open less than 0.017 second. The air drawn into a naturally-aspirated engine cylinder is at less than atmospheric pressure. A turbocharger packs the air into the cylinder at greater than atmospheric pressure. The flow of exhaust gas from each cylinder occurs intermittently as the exhaust valve opens. This results in fluctuating gas pressures (pulse energy) at the turbine inlet. With a conventional turbine housing, only a small amount of the pulse energy is needed. To better utilise these impulses, one design has an internal division in the turbine housing and the exhaust manifold which directs these exhaust gases to the turbine wheel. There is a separate passage for each half of the engine cylinder exhaust. On a six-cylinder engine, there is a separate passage for the front three cylinders and another passage for the rear three cylinders. By using a fully divided exhaust system combined with a dual scroll turbine housing, the result is a highly effective nozzle velocity. This produces higher turbine speeds and manifold pressures than can be obtained with an undivided exhaust system. The turbocharger offers a distinct advantage to an engine operating at high altitudes. The turbocharger automatically compensates for the normal loss of air density and power as the altitude increases. Twin Passage Turbine With a naturally aspirated engine, horsepower drops off 3 percent per 1000 ft (300m) because of the 3 percent decrease in air density per 1000 ft (300 m). If fuel delivery is not reduced, smoke level and fuel dilution will increase with altitude. With a turbocharged engine, an increase in altitude also increases the pressure drop across the turbine. Inlet turbine pressure remains the same, but the outlet pressure decreases as the altitude increases. Turbine speed also increases as the pressure differential increases. The compressor wheel turns faster, providing approximately the same inlet manifold pressure as at sea level, even though the incoming air is less dense. However, there are limitations to the actual amount of altitude compensation a turbocharged engine has. This is primarily determined by the amount of turbocharger boost and the turbocharger-to-engine match. All turbochargers operate at a very high speed. This can range from 40,000 to 130,000 rpm or more. Altitude compensator The appearance, construction, and operation of the altitude compensator is the same as that of a turbocharger. However, the purpose is different. The purpose of a turbocharger is to increase the power output of an engine by supplying compressed air to the engine intake manifold so increased fuel can be utilised for combustion. The purpose of the altitude compensator is to maintain consistent power output and efficiency of an engine operating at all altitudes. This is done by supplying compressed air to the engine intake manifold at a pressure about equal to that at sea level. There is no increase of fuel for combustion and consequently no increase in basic horsepower of the engine. However, the extra air provided by the altitude compensator normally increases combustion efficiency, which generally will improve fuel economy and reduce smoke level. Why use Turbochargers? There are five basic reasons for using an engine turbocharger: 1. To increase horsepower output of a given displacement engine: Where the engine compartment of a machine is of a given size, a turbocharged engine can be used to provide increased horsepower without having to enlarge the engine compartment for a larger displacement engine. 2. To reduce weight: Turbocharged engines have more horsepower per pound than non-turbocharged engines. 3. To keep down costs: Initial cost of turbocharged engines, on a dollar per horsepower basis, is less than for a naturally aspirated (N.A.) engine, and the differential increases with the rate of turbocharging. It all adds up to more horsepower per dollar. 4. To maintain power at higher altitudes: The altitude compensator also falls in this category, giving vital machine productivity at high altitudes. 5. To reduce smoke: Turbocharging can be an effective way to reduce exhaust density by providing excess air. However, using a turbocharger does not ensure this, as many other components also affect exhaust density and these must be properly designed and matched to provide an acceptable smoke level. |
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